片桐 昌直

In Japan, there are many disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons; thus, the acquisition of knowledge and skills related to disaster preparation by the public is a key issue. In disaster preparation education, learning should be sustained until the disaster situation, not immediately after learning. In this study, we examined the effects of disaster education events on learning disaster preparation knowledge among elementary school children. We conducted two tests—a post-test and a post-post-test—immediately after the disaster education event in 2019 and six months after the event, respectively. These scores were used to measure persistence of learning. We confirmed that the improvement of knowledge and skills related to disaster reduction was sustained even after a certain period had passed since the disaster preparation education.

The effects of 21-hydroxypregnenolone and related steroids such as deoxycorticosterone (DOC; 21-hydroxyprogesterone), cortisol, and corticosterone on progesterone 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity by steroidogenic cytochrome P450 c17 (CYP17) were investigated. 21-Hydroxypregnenolone contains a hydroxyl group at C-3 in the A cyclic hydrocarbon ring and a double bond at C-5 in the B cyclic hydrocarbon ring, whereas DOC, cortisol, and corticosterone contain a ketone group at C-3 and a double bond at C-4 in the A cyclic hydrocarbon ring. No marked inhibition was observed for DOC, cortisol, and corticosterone at 100 mu M concentration. Nonetheless, 21-hydroxypregnenolone exhibited competitive inhibition of progesterone 17 alpha-hydroxylation activity by CYP17 with a K-i value of 36.4 mu M. These results suggest that a hydroxyl group at C-3 in the A ring and a double bond at C-5 in the B ring in steroid hormones are important for the substrate recognition of CYP17.

2008年に科学技術振興機構が小学校教員を対象とした理科教育実態調査を行った。大阪府下の小学校教員の特徴や課題を明らかにするために,全国調査で使われた調査項目の一部を利用して同様の意識調査を実施した。その結果,理科の中で教える際の苦手意識が高い分野は,物理,地学,ICT教育が挙げられ,理科の知識や技能等の自己評価は,学習評価や自由研究などについての知識や技能が低いと自認している割合が高く,これらの結果は全国調査と同様の傾向を示す結果であった。一方,理科の指導方法に対する意識では,全国調査との違いが見られ,大阪府下の教員は,実験の手順や方法などの指導を重視する傾向が明らかとなった。A survey of awareness in science education to primary teachers in Japan was conducted by Center for Promotion of Science Education of Japan Science and Technology Agency in 2008. In order to characterize teachers of elementary school in Osaka, we investigated using this survey into an awareness of primary teachers in science education. A part of results showed that they have a consciousness weak about physics, earth science, and ICT education. Further, there were a lot of teachers who recognized to be scarce about the knowledge and skill about a method of study evaluation or instruction of independent research. These results were as well as the JST's survey. On the other hand, another data suggested that primary teachers in Osaka tend to regard instruction of procedure for an experiment as important.

海外における先進的な科学教育の現状を捉えるため,アメリカにおいて科学教育アウトリーチ活動が盛んである事情を分析するとともに,日本のスーパーサイエンスハイスクール事業を通じて行われている海外科学教育研修について調査を行った。さらに,附属高校天王寺校舎が実施しているスーパーサイエンスハイスクール事業の高校生海外研修に同行し,アメリカの大学が提供する発展的な内容を含む科学教育アウトリーチ活動,高校・大学間の連携に関する取り組み,先進的な科学教育に特化した高校での授業や課題研究の取り組み,および科学博物館での教育活動について調査を行った。The concern with science outreach programs has been growing for the last several years in Japan. In this paper, we take up outreach in America, are quite active, and study-tours of abroad for Super Science High School (SSH) students, participated in outreach programs of abroad universities and research institutes. We reported as a case of abroad study-tours of Tennoji High School attached to Osaka Kyoiku University.