仲矢 史雄

In Japan, there are many disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons; thus, the acquisition of knowledge and skills related to disaster preparation by the public is a key issue. In disaster preparation education, learning should be sustained until the disaster situation, not immediately after learning. In this study, we examined the effects of disaster education events on learning disaster preparation knowledge among elementary school children. We conducted two tests—a post-test and a post-post-test—immediately after the disaster education event in 2019 and six months after the event, respectively. These scores were used to measure persistence of learning. We confirmed that the improvement of knowledge and skills related to disaster reduction was sustained even after a certain period had passed since the disaster preparation education.

<p>小学校の若手教員を対象にした理科研修のプログラムとして，課題探究型のグループワークを実施した．同じ容器に入った正体の分からない5種類の水を，8種類の候補の中から同定するという課題に，情報の収集・整理，予想・仮説の立案，実験計画の立案，実験の実施，考察，発表のためのポスター制作まですべて，4名からなる班のメンバーの協力により取り組んだ．最後にポスターセッション形式の発表と，ルーブリックによる相互評価を行った．事後アンケートの結果から，受講者らはこのプログラムを通じて，集団での学び合いの有効性について体験的に理解したことが伺えた．一方，発表ポスターと相互評価の結果からは，科学的なものの見方や考え方に関して班ごとの到達度に幅があることが明らかになった．</p>

In this paper, we propose a teacher training system that incorporates educational digital portfolios using the Social Networking Service (SNS). We considered the situation in which the student teaching period occurs and focused on the educational benefits of using the SNS to communicate remotely. A challenging issue during the teacher training practicum is ensuring efficient communication and consistent evaluation between the university professor, host school mentor and university student. Our proposed system promotes the development of effective teaching and evaluation methods by sharing knowledge and practice records concerning the teaching practicum.

In the late 1990s, the once prolific populations of the coral Acropora intermedia surrounding Okinawa, Japan, dramatically declined because of thermal stress, bleaching caused by heat stress, and consequent mortality. Before the bleaching event, 72 fragments (about 15 cm in length) were collected and transferred to the Okinawa Churami Aquarium. Through growth and repeated fragmentation, these original fragments developed into about 100 colonies that spawned from 1999 to 2009. In this study, we compared gametogenesis, fertilization, survival, and O2 consumption in cultured and wild colonies of A. intermedia and their offspring. Cultured A. intermedia had larger oocytes and higher fertilization and survival rates than samples from wild colonies. O2 consumption of cultured embryos was similar to that of wild embryos. These results suggest that cultured A. intermedia and their offspring are as viable as wild colonies. Aquaria can play a role in the conservation of endangered corals, and their cultured colonies could be used to re-establish devastated species on the Okinawa reefs.