Fukumoto Kozo

Abstract: his mini-review summarizes the methods available for the synthesis of transition metal-sulfur complexes, which have been used as models of metalloprotein active sites, desulfurization catalysts, and organometallic functional materials. All the methods use silicon-sulfur compounds as starting materials, exploiting the selective cleavage of Si—S bond and the subsequent incorporation of sulfur fragment into the metal complex. Mechanistic considerations are also provided. Period covered: 1968 to date.

(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main component of green tea extract, displays multiple biological activities. However, it cannot be used as a drug due to its low cellular absorption, instability and metabolic degradation. Therefore, there is a need to provide analogs that can overcome the limitations of EGCG. In this work, six synthetic analogs of EGCG sharing a common tetralindiol dibenzoate core were synthesized and fully characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HRMS and IR spectroscopies, and X-ray crystallography. These are (2<italic>R</italic>,3<italic>S</italic>)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diyl bis[3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)benzoate], C₆₆H₅₆O₁₀, and the analogous esters bis(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate), C₃₀H₃₂O₁₀, bis(3,4,5-trifluorobenzoate), C₂₄H₁₄F₆O₄, bis[4-(benzyloxy)benzoate], C₃₈H₃₂O₆, bis(4-methoxybenzoate), C₂₆H₂₄O₆, and bis(2,4,6-trifluorobenzoate), C₂₄H₁₄F₆O₄. Structural analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of these dibenzoate esters of tetralindiol are significantly different from that of previously reported dimandelate esters or monobenzoate esters, as the acid moieties extend far from the bicyclic system without folding back over the tetralin fragment. Compounds with small fluorine substituents take a V-shape, whereas larger methoxy and benzyloxy groups determine the formation of an L-shape or a cavity. Intermolecular interactions are dominated by π–π stacking and C—H...π interactions involving the arene rings in the benzoate fragment and the arene ring in the tetrahydronaphthalene moiety. All six crystal structures are determined in centrosymmetric space groups (either <italic>P</italic>-1, <italic>P</italic>2₁/<italic>n</italic>, <italic>C</italic>2/<italic>c</italic> or <italic>I</italic>2/<italic>a</italic>).

<p>This review summarizes the mechanisms of antibacterial action of green tea catechins, discussing the structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies for each mechanism.</p>

N-Substituted dipropargylamines that are suitable as functionalized linkers for peptide stapling can be synthesized in one step under mild conditions from commercially available starting materials (41% to quantitative yield).

Phthalides and α,β-butenolides are two related classes of oxygenated heterocycles with a wide range of biological activities. An innovative strategy to prepare these compounds is based on C—H bond functionalization reactions, in which two simple, unfunctionalized molecules are coupled together with cleavage of a C—H bond and formation of a C—X bond (X=C or heteroatom). This paper reviews the methods for the synthesis of phthalides and α,β-butenolides by C—H bond functionalization from non-halogenated starting materials. Over 30 methods are reported, mostly developed during the past ten years.

Securing safe seawater at an ocean farm is an important issue. We believe that by developing an effective system for seawater purification, it will contribute to the development and expansion of aquaculture business. We set up a laboratory at the University of the Ryukyus this time to undertake development of seawater sterilization equipment. At the same time, volunteer support activities for science education will be conducted, and report on efforts of aquaculture system development by industry-university-government collaboration with Research and Development. This equipment is expected to contribute to increased production and quality improvement of marine products making full use of the geographical and economic characteristics of Okinawa surrounded by the sea.

type:紀要論文 type:text 近年では、従来の学校教育において中心的な指導法として行われてきた「一斉学習」に加え、「個別学習」や「協働学習」など、さまざまな授業形態の活用が求められている。このような授業形態の一つである「反転授業」では、授業時間外にデジタル教材等により知識習得を済ませる必要があるため、家庭等で情報通信技術（ICT）を活用した学習を行う必要がある。このような学習形態を支えるためにはe ラーニングプラットフォームの学習管理システム（LMS: Learning Management System）が必要である。「Moodle（ムードル）」は世界中で利用されている代表的なLMS の一つであり、日本においても、全国の大学等、多数の高等教育機関などで利用され、多くの教育実践事例が報告されている。一方で、初等中等教育における、Moodle の導入・活用事例についての報告は少なく、特に小中学校で活用する場合にどのような課題が生じるかの知見は不足している。本稿では、琉球大学が2018 年度に運用を開始したMoodle 型プラットフォームe − Learning システム、「琉大ハカセ塾Moodle」の2017 年度の運用状況と受講生へのアンケート調査の結果をもとに、小中学校段階の児童・生徒に対してe − Learningシステムを構築する際の課題について議論する。