Toshiaki Shirai

This paper attempts to illustrate the conflicts between adolescents and their parents in the perspective of adolescent psychology. Traditional adolescent psychology has indicated that the conflicts are normative in adoloscents' separation from their parents. However, contemporary emipirical studies have suggesuted that it is shown if familial system is inadequate to the increament in their autonomy and that adolescents-parents attachment promotes their independence. The self-reporoted descriptions by Japanese university and college students suggest that the conflicts are not always attributed to familial inadequacy and that familial inadequacy does not always bring the conflicts. Thus the third model is suggested.

This study attempted to examine if the practice of career counseling in the education for career guidance in a university could promote both the career .development for students themselves (career development) and the formation of the ability for career guidance as a teacher in secondary education (teacher development). Firstly, twenty nine students analyzed their career orientation by themselves through the two procedures:The retrospection of what they wanted to be in future from childhood to now and the analysis of results of Vocational Preference Inventory. Then they had a role play of career counseling in which one person reported his or her results of the analysis and two other persons made comments on them to clarify his or her career orientation. The effects measured by a questionnaire after the practice of all members showed more on a teacher development than on a career development. In addition, a teacher develoment was promoted by making comments on other person's career orientation including an experience of getting comments, but a career development was promoted by understanding their own career orientation including the comparison with others. Finally, it was discussed that establishing conditions enough to role play and self analysis might promote more career development.