種田 将嗣

type:Article 著者らは,小学校若手教員対象の課題探究型理科研修を毎年実施してきた。2020～21年はコロナ禍によりオンデマンドで実施したが,本稿で論じる2022年の研修では対面形式を再開した。再開した対面研修で,オンデマンドの個人学習用に開発したワークシートを,グループの中での個人の学びの支援のために使用した。同じく個人の振り返り用に開発した探究の流れ図の形式を,グループ活動のまとめポスターに使用した。まとめポスターの評価ルーブリックを開発し,グループ活動を評価した。グループ活動の評価と個人のワークシートの記述から,受講者の学習状況を推測した。併せて,受講者の理科の知識や実験技能の実態について知見を得た。 We have conducted problem-solving and inquiry-based science training for young elementary school teachers every year. In 2020~21, it was conducted on demand due to the corona disaster, but in the 2022 training discussed in this paper, the face-to-face format was resumed. In the resumed face-to-face training, worksheets developed for individual learning in on-demand training were used to support individual learning in groups. The form of the inquiry flow chart,which was also developed for individual reflection, was used as a summary poster for group activities. We developed an evaluation rubric of summary posters and evaluated group activities. From the evaluation of group activities and the description contents of individual worksheets, we estimated learning status of the participants. We also obtained knowledge about the actual state of science knowledge and experimental skills of the participants.

type:Article コロナウイルス感染拡大の状況下,小学校若手教員を対象として,探究型理科研修をオンデマンドで実施した。研修実施のため,実験を動画で視聴しながら科学的問題解決の過程を学習するプログラムをGoogle Classroom上に作成した。受講者の到達度評価のためにルーブリックを作成し,評価を試みた。研修の実施と評価から以下の結果を得た。(1)受講者の9割が,オンデマンドプログラムを完全に終了した。(2)3人の評価者による評価の一致度の分析から,ルーブリックの改善のための知見を得た。(3)ルーブリック評価の結果から,科学的問題解決の過程の学びについての受講者の課題が示唆された。(4)水溶液の性質に関する小学校若手教員の知識の現状が明らかになった。 Due to the spread of coronavirus infection, we conducted on-demand teacher training of scientific inquiry activity for young elementary school teachers. To carry out the training, we developed a program on Google Classroom to learn the process of inquiring scientific problems by watching videos of experiments. We also created a rubric to evaluate the achievement of the learners and tried to evaluate it. The following results were obtained from the implementation and evaluation of the training. (1) 90% of the participants have completed the on-demand program. (2) From the analysis of the degree of agreement of the evaluations by the three evaluators, the knowledge for improving the rubric was obtained. (3) The results of the rubric evaluation suggested the young elementary school teachers' challenges in learning the process of solving scientific problems. (4) The current state of knowledge of young elementary school teachers regarding the properties of aqueous solutions has been clarified.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C16H14N2O, contains an essentially planar indole ring system and a phenyl ring. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by a weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a one-dimensional column structure along the b-axis direction. These columns are linked by other C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a two-dimensional network structure.

2020年のコロナウイルス感染拡大の影響で，小学校若手教員を対象に8月に実施予定であった課題探究型の理科研修を，対面形式で実施することができなくなった．その代替策として，Google Classroomを用いたe-ラーニングプログラムを新たに開発して，大阪教育大学柏原キャンパス近隣地域の1自治体の教育委員会と連携し，オンデマンド型の研修を実施した．対面研修のようなグループ活動を組み込むことは出来なかったが，対面研修にも活かすことができる，特色あるプログラムを作成することができた．

Partially overlapped dicarbazolophanes exhibit a planar chirality. In this study, C2-symmetrical [3.3](3,9)dicarbazolophane derivatives (CZ1-CZ3) have been optically resolved by preparative chiral high-performance liquid chromatography for the first time. In their circular dichroism (CD) spectra, moderate Cotton effects (CEs) were observed for their 1Lb and 1La transitions (|Δε| = 10-12 and 51-57 M-1 cm-1, respectively), while intense CEs were notified in their 1B transitions (|Δε| = 156-216 M-1 cm-1), absorption dissymmetry (gabs) factors being in orders of 10-2. Circularly polarized luminescence spectrum was also obtained for cyanamide derivative CZ1, with a comparative luminescence dissymmetry (glum) factor of 0.013. A computational investigation was applied to address the factors for such remarkable chiroptical responses in these dicarbazolophanes of planar chirality. Absolute configurations were unambiguously determined by the comparison of experimental and theoretical CD spectra, which was affirmed by the X-ray crystal structural analysis of enantiomerically pure sulfonamide derivative CZ2.

<p>著者らは，小学校の若手教員を対象にした課題探究型の理科研修を年1回実施している．その課題は，5本の同じ容器に入った正体不明の5種類の水を，8種類の候補の中から同定するというものである．従来の研修では，全班の水の組合せが同じで，実験に必要な器具を事前に教卓に用意するなど暗黙のヒントが多く，学びの到達度に課題があった.そこで2019年度の研修では，班ごとに容器と中身の組み合わせを変え，実験器具を事前に見せないようにした.その結果，正解した班の割合は減ったが，科学的なものの考え方や，問題解決の方法に関する受講者の意識は高まった．不正解事例についての考察から，研修改善のための有用な知見を得た.</p>

In the title compound, C27H29BrN2, the carbazole ring system is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0781 (16) Å. An intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. One of the tert-butyl substituents shows rotational disorder over two sites with occupancies of 0.592 (3) and 0.408 (3). In the crystal, two mol-ecules are associated into an inversion dimer through a pair of C-H⋯π inter-actions. The dimers are further linked by another pair of C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a ribbon along the c-axis direction. A C-H⋯π inter-action involving the minor disordered component and the carbazole ring system links the ribbons, generating a network sheet parallel to (100).

<p>小学校の若手教員を対象にした理科研修のプログラムとして，課題探究型のグループワークを実施した．同じ容器に入った正体の分からない5種類の水を，8種類の候補の中から同定するという課題に，情報の収集・整理，予想・仮説の立案，実験計画の立案，実験の実施，考察，発表のためのポスター制作まですべて，4名からなる班のメンバーの協力により取り組んだ．最後にポスターセッション形式の発表と，ルーブリックによる相互評価を行った．事後アンケートの結果から，受講者らはこのプログラムを通じて，集団での学び合いの有効性について体験的に理解したことが伺えた．一方，発表ポスターと相互評価の結果からは，科学的なものの見方や考え方に関して班ごとの到達度に幅があることが明らかになった．</p>

全国学カ・学習状況調査・小学校理科調査間題(H27 年度）を，理，工学部に所属する中裔理科教員志望大学生に解答してもらい，その結果を小学校児童の調査結果と比較した。調査対象の大学生の平均正解率は87.5%であった(H27 年度小学6 年生の正解率60.8%)。主に知識を間う「A」間題については，間題によって大学生の正解率にばらつきがみられ，主に活用を間う「B」間題については，ほとんどが 90%近い正解率であった。記述式の間題では，無回答はほとんどない一方，正解基準に求められる意見と根拠の両方の記述と書き分けは，24%程度に留まった。

初任～５年目の小学校教員研修の受講者に対して，理科指導力の実態把握と，研修の効果測定のためのアンケート調査を行った。その結果，科学への関与度が，研修の効果を議論する上 で注目すべき要因であることが分かった。

<p>本研究では平成28 度^１）に引き続き，小学校教員の理科苦手意識^２）の改善と，新しい時代の教員に求められる資質^３）への対応を目的とした小学校教員理科研修プログラムの開発に取り組んでいる。本稿では，昨年度の教員研修会の参加者に対する3 か月後調査の結果から，研修の効果についての検討を行う。さらに，平成29 年度の研修をどのように改善したかについても紹介する。</p>

The use of thermally activated delayed-fluorescence (TADF) allows the realization of highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and is a promising alternative to the use of conventional fluorescence and phosphorescence. Recent research interest has focused on blue TADF emitters. In this study, we use quantum mechanics to reveal the relationship between the molecular structures and the photophysical properties of TADF emitters and derive a direction for the molecular design of highly efficient blue TADF emitters. Theoretical analyses show that the luminescence efficiency of TADF emitters largely depends on the overlap density (rho(10)) between the electronic wave functions of the ground state and the lowest excited singlet state. By increasing rho(10), we develop an efficient sky-blue TADF emitter material, 9-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-9'-phenyl-9H,9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole (BCzT). When doped into a host layer, BCzT produces a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 95.6%. From the transient photoluminescence decays of the doped film, the efficiency of excited triplet state conversion into light is estimated to be 76.2%. An OLED using BCzT as a sky-blue emitter produces a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.7%, which is much higher than the EQE range of conventional fluorescent OLEDs (57.5%). The high EQE is a result of the high triplet-to-light conversion efficiency of BCzT. Our material design based on rho(10) distribution provides a rational approach for developing TADF emitters for high-efficiency blue OLEDs.

A trigonal donor-acceptor molecule of 1,3,5-tris(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2,4,6-tricyanobenzene (3DPA3CN) was synthesized to exhibit efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence. By doping 3DPA3CN into a wide energy gap host, the film had a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 100% with the reverse intersystem crossing efficiency of 100%. An OLED including the emitter exhibited a very high external quantum efficiency (η(EQE)) of 21.4%.

The efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is especially limited by their low light outcoupling efficiency. An approach for its enhancement is the use of horizontally oriented emitter molecules with respect to the substrate. In this study we quantitatively determine the orientation of the optical transition dipole moments in doped films of two similar phosphorescent Pt(II) complexes having a linear molecular structure. These emitters are employed in OLED devices and their efficiency is analyzed by optical simulations. For an OLED with slightly more horizontally oriented emitter molecules an external quantum efficiency (eta(EQE)) of 15.8% at low current-density is realized, indicating a relative improvement of outcoupling efficiency of 5.3% compared to the isotropic case. However, a very similar complex adopting isotropic molecular orientation yields eta(EQE) of only 11.5% implying an imperfect charge carrier balance in the OLED device and a shift of the recombination zone. Furthermore, we highlight the enormous potential of horizontal molecular orientation of emitting molecules in OLEDs. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We introduced a dual electron accepting layer composed of tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F-4-TCNQ) and MoO3 for thermoelectric devices based on a pentacene layer. We found that the power factor is enhanced by placing an F-4-TCNQ layer directly in contact with the pentacene layer and it is also enhanced by placing a MoO3 layer between the F-4-TCNQ layer and the Au electrode. By examining the contact resistance using a field effect transistor and a hole-only diode, we confirmed that the hole injection is improved due to the reduction of contact resistance at the interface between the MoO3 layer and the Au electrode.

Comparative studies of the effects of a series of polycrystalline donors on the performance of 95 wt.%-C-70-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaics were conducted. A BHJ based on the wide band-gap molecule dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) shows power conversion efficiency (eta(PCE)) of up to 4.28%. The photovoltaic parameters are superior to those of devices using the similar molecule pentacene (PEN) or polycrystalline copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) for donor concentrations from 5 to 30 wt.%. The low-lying DNTT ionization potential and the high mu(h) in the DNTT blend support the excellent DNTT device performance. The low performance of BHJs with 5 wt.% PEN and 5 wt.% CuPc may stem from strong exciplex recombination in the PEN: C-70 blend and limited hole mobility combined with geminate polaron-pair recombination in the CuPc: C-70 blend. The zero-field hole mobility of the blends with 5 wt.% donor has a positive correlation with the corresponding device performance. The eta(PCE) of a 5 wt.%-DNTT BHJ cell was improved to 4.92% by optimizing the cathode buffer layer. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A post-synthetic method has been developed to synthesize novel asymmetric porphycenes bearing two different substituents on the meso-positions. Nitration of 9-acetoxy-2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propylporphycene with AgNO3 in CH3COOH/CH2Cl2 occurs regioselectively at the 19-position of the macrocycle to give 9-acetoxy-19-nitro-2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propylporphycene (3a) which was readily converted to 9-acetoxy-19-amino-2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propylporphycene (4a) by the reduction with SnCl2 in pyridine. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A linear-shaped phosphorescent platinum(II) complex that adopts a horizontal orientation in amorphous films was synthesized. The complex possesses a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of Phi(PL) = 50 +/- 3% in thin films with the host of m-biscarbazolylbenzene and 4,4&apos;-bis(N-carbazolyl)biPhenyl. Polarized emission from the edge of these thin films confirmed the horizontal orientation of the complex within them. An organic light-emitting diode containing the complex possessed a maximum external quantum efficiency of eta(EQE) = 15.8 +/- 3%. The light out-coupling efficiency of the device was estimated to be at least 4 = 32 +/- 3%, which was ascribed to the horizontal orientation of the complex. (C) 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

2,7,12,17-Tetra-n-propylporphycenatodihalotin(IV) complexes ([Sn(TPrPc)X-2], X = F, Cl, and Br) were synthesized and their photophysical properties were investigated. These complexes exhibit strong absorptions in the red region (600-630 nm). Strong quenching was observed during the fluorescence emission of the dibromotin(IV) complex, which is caused by an intramolecular heavy-atom effect. The complexes emit NIR phosphorescence in 1-iodopropane at room temperature and the intensity of the emission of the dibromotin(IV) complex is found to be smaller than that of the dichlorotin(IV) complex. The quantum efficiency (Phi(Delta)) of generation of singlet oxygen using the dibromotin(IV) complex IS the highest among the porphycenatotin(IV) complexes (Phi(Delta) = 0.79). Photooxidation of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran catalyzed by the complexes upon irradiation with red light (over 600 nut) was studied and a rapid oxidation of the substrate was observed when using the dibromotin(IV) complex.

4,4&apos;-methylenebis{N-(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-2,6-dimethylaniline} formed a definite acetone-inclusion crystal by recrystallization with acetone. Through crystal-to-crystal solvent exchange of the crystal, various types of crystals were obtained. All resulting crystals exhibited photochromism. Rate constants of thermal fading of photochromes were found to depend on the number of solvent molecules included in the crystal unit. The thermal stability of photochrome is discussed in connection with molecular mobility in the crystal lattice.

Catalytic combustion of high concentrations of methane over Pd-loaded gamma-Al2O3 catalysts coated in microchannels was investigated. Three types of gamma-Al2O3 coating structures were prepared in microchannels: a well defined ordered macroporous structure (inverse opal structure), a random macroporous structure and a structure without macropores (dense Structure). Pd-based catalysts were loaded on the prepared coatings using the incipient wetness impregnation method. Test results for the catalytic combustion of methane indicated that the Catalysts supported on coatings with an ordered or random macroporous structure showed better reactive activity than those on coatings with a dense Structure. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A three-dimensionally (3D) well-ordered assembly composed of silicon oxycarbide (SiOxCy) microparticles was fabricated by an infiltration process using SiO2 inverse opal structures as molds. Polycarbosilane was used as the precursor for the SiOxCy synthesis. The effect of the viscosity of polycarbosilane solution on the morphology of the fabricated SiOxCy microparticles and their assemblies was investigated. The ideal viscosity for the infiltration process was found to be approximately 2.0 mPa s. The structures of the SiOxCy microparticles obtained and their assemblies were analyzed by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and N2 adsorption. Each SiOxCy microparticle was bonded to neighboring microparticles by bridge formation, which could enhance the mechanical strength of the prepared SiOxCy microparticle assembly. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensionally (3D) well-ordered carbon microparticle assemblies with different particle morphologies were fabricated by infiltration of phenolic resin solution into SiO2 inverse opal structures and subsequent carbonization. The effect of the phenolic resin solution concentration and the carbonization temperature on the morphology of the fabricated carbon microparticles was investigated. At a carbonization temperature of 1000 degrees C, carbon microparticles with interlocked bridges were obtained when the concentration of phenolic resin solution is 40 wt% and hollow carbon microparticles with opened window channels were obtained at a concentration of 30-35 wt%. When the carbonization temperature was decreased to 500 degrees C, carbon microparticles with interlocked bridges also were observed, even when the phenolic resin concentration was 30 wt%. The structures and properties of the carbon microparticles and their assemblies were characterized using SEM, XRD, and N-2 adsorption.

Photochromic behavior of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole derivatives, whose photoinduced deformation was restricted by the cyclic structure, was first observed to suggest the existence of a cis-keto form as a certain structure for the photochrome of N-salicylidencanilines in the crystal state.

Hydrogen peroxide was directly produced from hydrogen and oxygen in a slurry reactor containing a Pd/C catalyst at 5-20 degrees C. Hydrogen and oxygen produced by a solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer were fed into the reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, slurry concentration, gas flow rate and solvent on the H2O2 production were investigated. The maximum production rate of H2O2 was obtained at a reaction temperature of 10 degrees C and sharply increased along with the addition of methanol. The results show that H2O2 production is significantly influenced by the solubility of the gas, while excessive catalyst and hydrogen facilitate the decomposition of the accumulated H2O2. Finally, H2O2 production was performed in a catalytic slurry reactor with a pair of platinum electrodes inserted. The in situ feed of hydrogen and oxygen into the reactor improved H2O2 production. This could be due to an increase in gas solubility due to fine bubbles or the electrochemical generation of H2O2.

Photochromic behavior of 5,5'-methylenebis {2-(3,5-di-tertbutylsalicylideneamino)phenol) crystal, which exhibited vapochromism, was completely controlled by contact with methanol vapor. Maintenance of a reaction room in the crystal was the key to start solid-state photoinduced isomerizaton of Schiff base.

The ordered macroporous ceramics were prepared on the wall of microchannel. The partial and complete oxidation reactions of methane over Rh-based and Pd-based catalysts supported on the ceramics were respectively investigated. Ceramic sol was infiltrated into the void of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) opal structure formed in the microchannel. The dried sol in the opal structure was calcinated to fabricate the ordered macroporous supports. For comparison, the ceramic supports with random macropore were prepared by coating the suspension of PMMA particles, ceramic nanoparticles and binding materials on the wall of microchannel. The overall activity of the catalyst on the ordered macroporous support could improve due to the enhancement of heat and mass transfer. Rh-based and Pd-based catalysts supported on the prepared macroporous ceramics coated in the microchannels for the partial and complete oxidation of methane respectively were investigated.

4.4'-Methylenebis(N-salicylidene-2,6-dialkylaniline) derivatives were prepared and their structures were determined by H-1 NMR, IR, DSC and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The 2,6-diisopropylaniline derivative yielded definite polymorphic crystals: the space groups of the crystals were C2/c and P2(1)/n, respectively. It was found that both polymorphs were similarly photochromic but the thermal stability of the photochrome was different due to the variance of the shape of molecule and cavity in each crystal.