Yasuhiro Kozaki

Objectives This study aimed to examine the status of implementation and details of population-based approach projects that primarily target fathers nationwide. It also seeked to discuss the possibility of providing childcare support to fathers in the community. Methods This study analyzed the overall results of two surveys undertaken. The primary survey was conducted between December, 2020 and February, 2021 by administering a mail questionnaire within 1,741 municipalities across Japan. A secondary interview survey was then conducted from August to September, 2021, among the municipalities that responded that they are “implementing projects mainly for fathers,” and those that obtained consent to participate in this survey. Results The 837 municipalities (response rate = 48.1%) that responded to the primary survey were included in the analysis. Many municipalities provided paternal and family support in addition to childcare support for mothers, at the time of issuing maternal and child health handbooks and in parent classes. This support was inclusive of distributing leaflets and pamphlets for fathers (P=0.036), encouraging fathers to participate in parent classes (P<0.001), setting dates and times that are easy for fathers to participate in (P<0.001), and including content for fathers (P<0.001). There were significantly more responses from local governments of the municipalities with a total population of 70,000 or more. The number of municipalities that “implemented childcare support that primarily targeted fathers instead of mothers” was 54 or 6.5% of the total. However, about 70% of the municipalities that had not implemented such programs recognized the need for their implementation. In the 21 municipalities where the interviews were conducted, there were 10 projects implemented during pregnancy, 12 during the childcare period after delivery, and 1 implemented across both. The contents of the implemented programs varied widely, with each municipality devising its own programs based on regional characteristics, which had generally favorable evaluations from the participants. In contrast, many municipalities mentioned that the small number of participants was an issue. Conclusion Although fathers are encouraged to participate in childcare and housework within households, it is rare for them to be given opportunities to gain the required knowledge and skills. Most projects provide support for fathers as supporters of mothers. Going forward, in addition to surveys targeting fathers, there is a need to present project models that can be implemented by the local governments.

type:Article 本研究の目的は、保育施設の運営と保育士等の働き方と満足度について明らかにすることで、保育施設におけるより良い働き方や保育の取り組みのあり方を検討することである。質問紙調査では、職務への満足(調査では職務不満度)と保護者との人間関係に起因する要因として、労働条件・職場での人間関係・キャリア教育・WLBの4因子を取り上げ、共分散構造モデリングを用いて各因子の職場への満足および保護者との関係に対する影響力を分析した。この結果、労働条件は職務不満を引き下げる影響力を持っていたが、保護者との関係には影響はなかった。また他の3因子では職務不満度を引き下げ、保護者との関係を良好にするというポジティブな影響力を持っていた。 The purpose of this study is to clarify the child care facility management and the working styles and satisfaction of childcare workers, and to examine better ways of working and childcare initiatives in childcare facilities. The questionnaire survey addressed four factors attributed to job satisfaction (job dissatisfaction in the survey) and relationships with parents: working conditions, workplace relationships, career education, and WLB, and analyzed the influence of each factor on workplace satisfaction and relationships with parents using structural covariance modeling. The results showed that working conditions had an influence on lowering job dissatisfaction, but not on the relationship with parents. The other three factors had a positive influence on lowering the level of job dissatisfaction and improving the relationship with parents. Finally, as a strategy to support these four factors, an analysis of variance was conducted to determine how the use of ICT equipment affects each factor. The results indicated that the use of "automatic e-mail delivery to parents" and "SIDS check during sleep" may improve working conditions, but no association was found between the other factors or ICT equipment.

We propose a novel concept of digital transformation, institutional research, and information and communication technology based on Eduinformatics. Digital transformation was proposed by Prof. E. Stolterman and Prof. A. C. Fors in 2004. Eduinformatics is a new interdisciplinary field that includes informatics and education. Eduinformatics analyze data of students and develop novel analytical methods. In our article, we set research questions on how to link digital transformation and education to refine higher education. We indicate some examples in a Japanese university. From these examples, we conclude that Eduinformatics is the key to linking digital transformation and information and communication technology and institutional research in higher education.

＜文献概要＞はじめに わが国の父親育児参加推奨の取り組み わが国の母子保健事業は、乳幼児・児童虐待防止の観点から、2000(平成12)年の児童虐待防止法制定により母親への育児支援としての役割が強化され、全国で子育て世代包括支援センターの構築が進められている。また、1999(平成11)年に男女共同参画基本法が施行されて以来、父親が育児に参加することへの期待が高まり、母親の育児不安と家事・育児労働の軽減を目的として推奨された。さらに2010(平成22)年に始まった厚生労働省のイクメンプロジェクトによって企業への働きかけが強化され、父親の育児休暇取得率も増加傾向にある。父親が育児に関わる近年の状況 しかし、2013(平成25)年ごろから父親の産後うつが指摘されはじめ、最近では実父による乳幼児・児童虐待の増加が報告されている。父親による虐待事例はマスコミでも取り上げられ、国民の認知も高まってきたが、父親への育児支援の制度は十分とは言い難い。現在の母子保健事業の主な根拠法令である母子保健法および児童福祉法には父親の育児支援に対する規定がなく、育児期世代の男性は自治体につながりにくいという事情もある。さらに父親への育児支援が、どこでどのように実施されているのか明確ではない。このような近年の状況を受けて、父親育児支援の実施機関の一つとして、母子保健事業を担う自治体での父親に対する育児支援の現状を明らかにすることを目的として、全国地方自治体への調査を実施したので、ここに報告する。

type:Article 学校における消費者教育は、家庭科、社会科、道徳科などで実施されている。これらの教科等の授業を通した学びは、幼児期の遊びを通した学びの延長上にある。消費者市民としての道徳性や規範意識の芽生えを培う時期として幼児期に注目し、本稿では、幼児期の消費者教育の意義を明らかにし、消費者教育実践の具体例として、消費者教育の視点を加えた「お店やさんごっこカリキュラム」を提案した。幼児期の消費者教育の充実によって、小・中.高等学校の体系的な学びが実現することが示唆された。

Worldwide, evidence-based education, institutional research, and learning analytics have become key terms in higher education in the twenty-first century. In order to realize these key terms, a great deal of data is necessary. With the development of information and communication technology (ICT) and the accompanying evolution of learning management systems, large amounts of educational data can be accumulated more easily and quickly than ever before. In this paper, we discuss how ICT can be used effectively and efficiently to improve the quality of higher education. We believe that one of the answers is the immediate establishment of a new concept called “eduinformatics,” which we proposed in 2018. Eduinformatics is a novel field of education that combines both education and informatics. Eduinformatics not only deals with students’ data but also provides new analytical methods and concepts to handle data in education, similar to bioinformatics. To investigate the significance of eduinformatics, we introduce some practical examples from Kobe Tokiwa University in Japan, and we present results of recent eduinformatics. From these examples, we show that the construction of ICT-based eduinformatics will lead to the improvement of the quality of higher education and higher education reform.

【目的】本研究は育児に積極的な父親の健康度に関連する要因を明らかにすることである。【方法】2018年2月～3月、父親の育児支援団体に登録している男性を対象に質問アプリを用いたweb調査を実施した。健康関連QOL(SF-8)とCEC-D、自己効力感、平等主義的性役割態度スケール短縮版、育児、夫婦関係、仕事への質問群との関連について相関係数(Pearson)を算出し、さらに「主観的幸福感」について重回帰分析を実施した。【結果】346名に配信し、215名(回収率62.1%)より回答を得、欠損の少ない212名を分析対象とした。対象者の平均年齢は42.6(±6.1)歳で、SF-8「主観的幸福感」、「子どもへの気持ち」、「育児への考え」、仕事に関連する項目群との関連が認められ、健康度が高いと育児を肯定的に捉え、夫婦関係の満足度が高かった。健康度が低いと「仕事の困難感」「生活の余裕のなさ」を感じていた。【考察】育児に携わる父親は、家事・育児行動を通して家族との関わりに幸福を感じる傾向にあり、仕事時間の調整を含めた育児支援が育児中の男性の健康度の低下を防ぐ可能性がある。(著者抄録)

With the global epidemic of COVID-19, it has begun to have a significant impact in educational settings. In this study, we focused on nursery facilities to obtain risk images of COVID-19 as a disaster or a disease, and to examine the effect of these images on awareness of infectious disease countermeasures. We also examined whether parents who have a high awareness of infectious disease countermeasures may undermine the trust of nursery staff who are in charge of their own children, because too high an awareness of infectious disease countermeasures is not feasible in nursery facilities. As a result, the risk perception of COVID-19 improved parents’ awareness of infectious disease control measures. In addition, physical condition management positively influenced parents’ confidence in their child’s nursery staff, while limited contact and the desire to establish a network negatively influenced parents’ confidence in their child’s nursery staff.

Recently, we proposed "Eduinformatics,"a new field of education that combines both education and informatics. In addition, we introduced new criteria to utilize student data in Institutional Research (IR). In a previous article, we defined "primary data"as the first standard which is not combined linear data and "secondary data"as the second standard which is a linear combination of primary data. However, in this article we will present new definitions of Primary and Secondary data because our analysis of actual educational data has revealed that Secondary data is not only linear data, but also nonlinear. Moreover, we will present examples in which primary data was used to detect elements that could not be founded through the analysis of secondary data, and were pitfalls of compared analysis performed by IR practitioners.

Kobe Tokiwa University witnessed its 1st university reform in 2015. This resulted in the start of a basic education based first-year course from the year 2017. The course was taught by 20 teachers to an approximate 320 students. Kobe Tokiwa University constructed the course based on 19 Tokiwa competencies. In order to evaluate the students, who are evaluated by the 20 teachers based on Tokiwa competencies, we constructed a rubric and an evaluation matrix for the first-year course. Our study attempts to address the following research question: Is our evaluation matrix, which is based on the Tokiwa competencies used by teachers to evaluate the students in the 2018 first-year course, a good evaluation tool. To answer this research question, we performed a factor analysis of the evaluation of students by using an evaluation matrix for the 2018 first-year course. The results show that our evaluation is not based on the Tokiwa competencies. Therefore, we constructed a new evaluation matrix for the first-year course. We will make further investigations in the future to check whether this new evaluation matrix is a good method or not.

type:Article 写真を収めたアルバムはしばしば作成されたまま,誰かが見返すまで放って置かれたままになる。本研究で我々は,そうしたフォトアルバムについて,フォトアルバムの作成そのものが愛着を形成するのかを検討した。この調査において,被験者は3つのグループに分けられた。アナログアルバムグループは対象となる児童のアナログアルバムを作成し,デジタルアルバムグループは対象となる児童のデジタルアルバムをiPad上で作成し,コントロールグループでは対象となる児童の写真を記憶した。3つのグループの被験者は続いて,潜在的プライミングテストを課せられた。潜在的プライミングテストでは,開始後,児童の写真(既知 or 新奇)が先行刺激として提示され,続いて語彙判断課題が課せられる。語彙判断課題で用いられる語彙にはポジティブ語,ネガティブ語とニュートラル語があり,被験者はポジティブ語もしくはネガティブ語の場合にキーを押すGo-NoGo課題を行う。実験の結果,先行する課題でアナログアルバムを作成したグループでは,アルバムを作成する対象となった既知の子供が先行して提示された場合に,新奇児童が提示された時よりもポジティブ語に対する反応が早くなった。この結果は,アナログアルバムを作成することが,子どもへの愛着を形成する可能性を示している。 Usually, albums will remain in a bookshelf until someone looks back at pictures. Here, we investigated whether potential attachment can be formed by making albums. In this research, subjects were placed in three groups; Analog album group is required to create the child's analog album, Digital album group is required to create the child's digital album on iPad, and Control group is required to remember the pictures of the child. Three groups subsequently received implicit priming test. When this phase began, pictures of child (known or novel) were presented as prime stimuli. Then, subjects judged meaning of letters that were constructed by three categories of meaning (positive, negative, or neutral). When positive or negative word was presented on the monitor, subjects were required to press the space key, and subjects without doing anything when neutral word was presented (Go-NoGo Task). As result, at positive words condition, when known child who become a subject to create album was presented as prime stimulus, RTs of analog album group were facilitated more than new child. This result shows that creating an analog album improves attachment to children.