Masahiro Yamaguchi

type:Article 本研究では親子対相互交流評価システム(Dyadic Parent-Children Interaction Coding System; DPICS)を用いて,母親6名とその子ども(計8組)を対象に親子間相互作用パターンを検討した。その結果,DPICSの3つの場面を通して質問が出現しやすいものの,DPICSの各カテゴリには時間的一貫性が低いものも存在することが示唆された。また,相互作用パターンは場面によって異なっていることや,間接的命令よりも直接的命令の方が肯定的な相互作用を生みやすいことが示唆された。本研究の結果から,DPICSを臨床場面で有効に活用する上での今後の検討課題について考察した。 In this study, we utilized the Dyadic Parent-Children Interaction Coding System (DPICS) to conduct an exploratory analysis of parent-child interaction patterns in play situation. Six mothers and their children (3 boys and 5 girls) were the participants of this study. DPICS was administered to these parent-child dyads to analyze the occurrence rate and temporal stability of DPICS categories, as well as interaction pattern characteristics. Results indicated that questions were frequently observed in all DPICS situations and some of the DPICS categories have low temporal consistency. Additionally, the mother-child interaction patterns varied depending on the context, with direct commands more likely to generate positive interactions than indirect commands. Based on these findings, we underscored the need to examine the relationship between DPICS categories and various psycho-social variables of parents and children to effectively apply DPICS in clinical settings.

type:Article 本研究では、児童自立支援施設における効果的な性教育のあり方について検討することを目的に、全国の児童自立支援施設へのアンケート調査を実施した。その結果、男女ともに性的問題行動や性被害経験のあった児童が多いことが明らかになった。このような状況下、多くの児童自立支援施設で性教育が行われていたものの、性教育体制の不備や脆弱さが認められた。また、全ての児童が性教育の対象になっているわけではないことや性教育の項目によって教えている割合に差異があることが認められた。このことから、児童自立支援施設および入所児童の特性に応じた性教育の指針の策定など、性教育体制の整備・開発や基本的人権を基軸とする包括的性教育の基準を満たした性教育プログラムの構築の必要性を示唆した。 In this study, we examined the current situation of sexuality education in Children's Self-reliance Support Facilities in Japan. We distributed a questionnaire to all children's self-reliance support facilities in Japan, and the staff completed it. As a result, we found that many boys and girls had behaviors related to sexual problems and experiences of sexual victimization. We also found deficiencies and weaknesses in the sexuality education system, although sexuality education was conducted at most children's self-reliance support facilities. In addition, there were not all children were subject to sexuality education as well as there were differences in the proportion of teaching depending on the topic of sexuality education. These results suggest that the need for developing a sexuality education system, such as the formulation of guidelines for sexuality education, adjusts to the characteristics of children's self-reliance support facilities. Furthermore, we considered it necessary to build a sexuality education program that meets the criteria for comprehensive sexuality education based on fundamental human rights.

type:Article 吃音症とは言葉の非流暢を特徴とする発達障害である。本論文では,吃音症に関連する心理社会的問題について,そしてそれを維持している要因の一つである吃音症当事者の注意的側面 (特に注意バイアス) に関する研究を概観した。その結果,吃音症の心理社会的問題は精神疾患の発症とも関連する重大な問題であること,さらに当事者には非当事者と比べ高い注意バイアス傾向があると考えられる一方で,それら注意バイアス研究には脅威刺激の設定などいくつか課題点があることが認められた。最後に展望として,当事者の注意的側面を評価する上での脅威モニタリングの視点の有用性と,それが吃音症に特有であるかどうかを検討する重要性を指摘した。 Stuttering is a developmental disorder characterized by disfluencies in their speech. In addition, some people who stutter suffer from psychosocial problems related to their symptoms. We overviewed studies regarding psychosocial problems, and attentional aspects (especially attentional bias) which maintain the problem. Some research showed that the psychosocial problems of people who stutter lead to psychiatric disorders, and they have higher attentional biases than those who do not. However, there are some methodological limitations to studies in this area, for example, the control of threatening stimuli. In future research directions in this area, we proposed further studies examining threat monitoring and its relevance to stuttering to assess attentional aspects in detail, and whether it's specific to people who stutter.