Yumiko Nagai

The birth rate of low birth weight infants (birth weight less than 2,500 g) is increasing in japan. Therefore, proper management of maternal weight gain is required to prevent birth of low birth weight infants. It is considered that the birth risk of low birth weight infant can be expected to be reduced by controlling the weight gain targeting the weight gain of 3.0 kg in the early pregnancy.

The use of ICT is rapidly advancing in school classes, and the use of newspapers in class is also being promoted. In this study, we conducted a task search using ICT and newspapers, compared and examined the difference in the effect of task search between these two information media, and verified the relationship with active learning.

病院の内科外来に受診するADLの自立した65歳以上の高齢者164名を対象に，ロコモティブシンドロームと生活習慣との関連因 子を調査した。対象者の131名がロコモ群に該当した。年齢とロコモとの間には有意な関係を認めた。加齢に伴い，運動器の構成 要素となる骨，筋量，筋力は減少するため，年齢とロコモの有意な関係は必然的である。ロコモの重症化を予防するためにもADL の自立している時点からの早期介入が重要である。ロコモを重症化，悪化を予防する指導や対策が急務といえる。

晩婚化や晩産化，育児の孤立化等，子育てを取り巻く状況は大きく変化しており，十分な育児支援を受けられる母親は少なく なっていることが予測され，育児情報源も多様化している。本研究では，近年普及の著しいSNS について着目し，育児中の母親の 育児情報源について質問紙調査を行った。育児情報源としてインターネットを利用していた母親は，92.7％であった。また， Instagram，LINE等SNSのいずれかを利用している母親は75.1％であった。さらに，情報リテラシーの認知度が35歳以下の母親と 比べて，35歳以上の母親では21％と有意に低く（P＜0.05），母親の情報リテラシー教育の必要性が見出された。

経膣分娩の産婦200人を対象に，分娩の生理的要因について硬膜外麻酔分娩（以下，無痛分娩と略す）と普通分娩で比較検討し た。無痛分娩は，分娩所要時間と分娩第1期時間及び第2期時間が普通分娩より有意に高いことが認められた（p ＜0.05）。第3期時 間と出血量は両群間に有意な差は認められなかった。医療的介入は，無痛分娩は陣痛促進剤使用率，吸引分娩実施率，子宮内圧計 使用率が普通分娩に比べて有意に高い値を示した（p ＜0.05）。しかしながら，遷延分娩，第2期遷延，回旋異常は両群間に有意な 差は認められなかった。新生児への影響に関しては，アプガースコア，臍帯血pH・BEも両群間で有意な差は認められなかった。

A questionnaire survey was conducted on bathing habits of the elderly in winter to compare the characteristics of four districts, Sapporo, Akita, Osaka and Fukuoka, and to investigate factors associated with regional differences in bathing death rates. Subjects were asked their medical histories and living conditions in addition to bathing habits. More than half of those surveyed in this study were receiving treatment for diseases, particularly hypertension in all districts. The elderly people in Osaka and Fukuoka tended to feel colder in the bathroom in winter than those in Sapporo. As for heating equipment, a stove was most commonly used in the dressing room, and a heater-dryer was exclusively used in the bathroom. Those who have not installed heaters in their bathrooms do not feel the need for heating equipment. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the elderly in Sapporo, a district with a low bathing death rate, have a tendency to bathe less frequently, stay in the bathroom and soak in the bathtub for a short time, and feel little cold during bathing. If similar bathing habits can be formed elsewhere, they could prove useful in preventing fatal bathing accidents.

Twenty-three children (12 boys and 11 girls) and 13 female students served as the subjects in summer. The children were from six to eight years old. The subjects were seated in a hot room of 30 degrees C and their legs were immersed in bath water of 42 degrees C for 30 minutes. Total sweat rate, local sweat rate on the back, rectal temperature, skin temperatures at eight sites, heart rate and blood pressure were measured during the experiments. Total sweat rate of both groups was similar, but local sweat rates of the children were significantly smaller than those of the students. Although the degree of increase in rectal temperature from immersion in the hot bath were similar, the increases of heart rate and skin temperatures on the thigh and forearm were greater in children. These results suggest that the thermoregulatory ability of children during heat exposure is similar to that of young female adults. However, it is found that for heat loss, children resort more to vasodilation than sweating during heat exposure as compared to adults. The children were divided into two groups according to whether the children were exposed to air cooling systems in summer in their infancy or not. There was no significant inter-group differences in physiological responses during immersion in the hot water bath. It is found that the ability of Japanese children to tolerate heat was not reduced distinctly by the frequent use of an air cooling system in infancy.

1. 1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal radiation and wind on thermal responses at rest and during exercise in a cold environment. 2. 2. The experimental conditions were radiation and wind (R + W), no radiation and wind (W), radiation and no wind (R), no radiation and no wind (C). 3. 3. The air temperature was -5°C. Thermal radiation was 360 W/m2. Air velocities were 0.76, 1.73 and 2.8 m/s. Rectal and skin temperatures, heart rate and oxygen consumption were recorded. Thermal and comfort sensations were questioned. 4. 4. There are no significant effects of thermal radiation and wind on the physiological responses except the mean skin temperature. There are significant effects on the mean skin temperature (P &lt 0.01) and thermal sensation (P &lt 0.05). © 1993.