Fumiaki Iwata

The "Basic Act on Education" (amended in December 2006) and the "Course of Study" posted in academic year 2008 encouraged religious education in Japanese primary and secondary education to step into a new stage. This article analyzes religious education in National or State Schools, and then presents several problems to be solved. First of all, the contents of religious sentiment under discussion are to be examined in the broader perspectives of education of religious sentiment before and after World War II. The examination naturally shows that the cultivation of religious sentiment in Japanese National or State schools is hardly possible for theoretical, historical, and practical reasons. Japanese schools in fact adopt alternative education for the education of religious sentiment. This alternative education has much to do with religion in two points but goes beyond religious education. Finally, lectures on religion in social studies are discussed. The issue of lectures on religion is so closely connected with developing the sense of values in life that more intensive research on the relationship is to be expected.

"Death education" in Japan has not yet laid the philosophical foundations. This article aims at investigating its basis and guiding its destination. "Death education" as well as "hospice care", stems from the dimension of spirituality. Education, however, has particular limitation of its own different from medical service. This difference in Japan amounts up to my suggestion that Japanese "death education" should be centered upon "death of the other." This standpont proves applicable to both "child-centered education" and the educational reformation under discussion.

論者は, フランス・スピリチュアリスムを宗教哲学の観点から系統的に考察することを目指している。本稿は, この研究を進めるにあたり, フランス・スピリチュアリスムという名称の意味内容を明確にしようとするものである。そのためにまず第一章で, P. ジャネの論文にもとづきフランス・スピリチュアリスムの成立状況を解明する。ついで第二章で, グイエ, コタン, ナベール, 増永らの先行研究を参照しながら, スピリチュアリスムに一定の定義を与えることを試みる。そしてその試みを通して, スピリチュアリスムの中に少なくとも二つの系統が区別されなければならないことを示したい。第三章で, スピリチュアリストの自己理解を検討し, 論者が構想しているスピリチュアリスム研究の見取り図を提示したい。最後に, スピリチュアリスムと心霊主義との関係を明らかにする。Qu'est ce que le spiritualisme français? Dans cet article, nous essayons de préciser ce qu'il signifie. D'abord, un article par P. Janet nous permet de donner certaines idées principales de cette école. Deuxièmement, nous tentons de donner une définition plus exacte d'un mot du spiritualisme en examinant les écrits de H. Gouhier, de J.-P. Cotten, de J. Nabert, de Y. Masunaga; de ce fait deux types distincts se dégage dans cette tradition. Dans l'intention d'obtenir une vision globale sur le spiritualisme, troisièmement, nous analysons la variété des mots en quels chacun des spiritualistes désignent sa propre pensée. Enfin, nous mettons en valeur le rapport double - positif et négatif - entre le spiritualisme et le spiritisme.